2020年考研真题（1 / 2）
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Madrid was hailed as a public health bea st November when it rolled out ambitious restris on the most polluting cars. Seven months and oion day ter, a new servative city cil suspended enfort of the air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
去年十一月，马德里针对污染最严重的汽车正式推出大规模管控措施时，被誉为公共卫生健康的楷模。七个月后大选日一过，由保守派掌控的新一届市议会随即中止了“清洁空气区”的执行，迈出了可能导致它被废除的第一步。尽管“清洁空气区”在改善空气质量方面取得良好效果，但市长何塞·路易斯·马丁内斯-阿尔梅达却将反对它作为竞选运动的核心主张。目前，一名法官推翻了市政府停止收取罚金的决议，责令恢复收取罚金。但是，司法拉锯战在前，“清洁空气区”的未来充其量只能说是前途难卜。
Mayor José Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zorepiece of his ele campaige its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fihem reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uain at best.
马德里在清洁空气问题上的反反复复显而易见提醒着我们，欧洲各国(当然也包括英国)这种零碎的市级空气污染治理举措存在局限性。
Among other weakhe measures cities must employ wheo tackle dirty air on their oolitically tentious, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they iably put the costs of ing the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
各大城市独力承担污浊空气治理之责，其被迫不得已而采取的措施具有很多薄弱点，其中之一是：会引发政治争议，因而极易招致攻击。这是因为，这些措施不可避免地将清洁空气的成本加诸司机个人——司机必须为污染付费或者买更好的车——而不是加诸汽车生产商，生产商的舞弊行为才是造成有毒污染的真正原因。不难想象，相似的逆转将在伦敦上演。“超低排放新区(Ulez)”很可能是明年伦敦市长选举的重大议题。如果萨迪克·汗获胜，而且一如他所计划的那样于2021年将“超低排放新区”扩展至南北环路，那么一定会激起“届时将受影响的、数量大得多的汽车车主”的强烈反对。
It’s not hard to imagine a simir reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue i year's mayoral ele. And if Sadiq khan wins aends it to the North and South Circur roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far rger number of motorists who will then be affected.
并不是说伦敦Ulez这类措施无用。恰恰相反。严重威胁当前，地方官员正在运用他们所能使用的手段来保障居民健康。这些区域确实大大改善了空气质量，而且科学表明，空气质量改善意味着切实的健康收益。
It's not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are avaible to them to safeguard residents’ health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the sce tells us that means real health bes—fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.
但是，针对这么一个影响范围远超一城一镇的(空气污染)问题，市长们、议员们所能做的也就仅此而已。他们之所以在行动，是因为各国政府——英国以及所有其他欧洲国家的政府——未能做出行动。
But mayors and cilors only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any oy or town. They are ag because national govers—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.