2009年英语真题（1 / 2）

Part A Dires:

Read the following four texts. Ahe questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)

Text 1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and rexing into the unscious fort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unrefleg herd,” William Wordsworth said ih tury. In the ever-ging 21st tury, even the word “habit” carries a ive implication.

So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same text as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we sciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and eveirely new brain cells, that jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

Rather than dismissing ourselves as ungeable creatures of habit, we instead direct our own ge by sciously developing new habits. In fact, the more hings we try – the more we step outside our fort zohe more ilycreativewebee,bothintheworkpdinourpersonallives.

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; ohose rutsof procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that bypass those oldroads.

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fasation with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught io ‘decide’ , just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’. ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always expl the many otherpossibilities.”

All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers ie 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, retionally (or colboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolesce, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us ily use our innovative and colborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the Ameri belief system – that anyone do anything,” expins M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that erpetuated, and it fosters onness. Knowing what yood at and doing even more of it creates excellehis is where developing new habits es in.

21、In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized bybeing

A casual.

B familiar.

C meical.

D geable.

22、Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits be

A predicted.

B reguted.

C traced.

D guided.

23、The word “ruts” (Para. 4) is closest in meaningto